The 6 Written Composing Processes for the CSET

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Excerpt from the CSET study guide

Teacher candidates studying for the CSET English exam should know the six written composing processes.

The six stages are: prewriting, drafting, revising, editing, publishing, and evaluating.

Prewriting

Prewriting is the process of “getting it out.” Prewriting sets the stage for writing by preparing students emotionally and cognitively to formulate their ideas and then reflect upon and expand them. Important goals and tasks during this phase include:

Make lists of ideas on a topic

Read and take notes on a topic

Cluster—a visual map of ideas related to a topic

Ask questions about a topic

Discuss ideas about a topic with others and take notes

Make an outline of your paper

As we know, students’ tasks must be purposeful. Prewriting is the incubation period in which a teacher propels thinking. During this phase, teachers can motivate students to write by making it clear why they are writing. These purpose-setting activities may take many forms (e.g., oral, written, a combination). Through discussions, brainstorming, and interviewing, teachers elicit talk to help students develop, label, and expand their ideas. For example, brainstorming helps students to think openly about topics, generate descriptive vocabulary, and structure sentences that help them explain, clarify, and express their thoughts and feelings.

Drafting

Drafting is the process of “getting it down.” During the writing or drafting phase, students shape the discourse for specific purposes. As students begin to paragraph, they will want to include five separate writing techniques that will help readers to understand their paper:

Thesis statement: At the end of your introduction, write a one-sentence statement that

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