Famous People in Astronomy for the CSET

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the mysteries of light and optics, formulated the three laws of motion, and derived from them

the law of universal gravitation. Newton’s laws of motion are the most fundamental natural laws of classical mechanics. Sir Isaac Newton stated them in his book Principia Mathematica (1686). Taken together, Newton’s three laws of motion underlie all interactions of force, matter, and motion except those involving relativistic and quantum effects.

- The Law of Inertia-An object at rest tends to stay at rest unless acted upon by an outside force.

- Newton’s second law of motion establishes a relationship between the unbalanced force applied to an object and the resultant acceleration of the object. (In other words, force equals mass times acceleration, or F=ma.)

- Newton’s third law of motion, which is also known as the principle of action and reaction, states for that every action, there is an equal but opposite reaction.

Edmund Halley ( Nov. 8th 1656 – Jan. 14 1742)

Edmund Halley was a talented multidisciplinary scientist and was largely responsible for persuading Newton to publish his work. Halley’s analysis of what is now known as Halley’s comet is a perfect example of the scientific method in action. He observed that the comets of 1456, 1531, 1607, and 1682 followed similar orbital paths around the Sun and that each appearance was separated from the previous one by about 76 years — which was the period predicted for the orbit by Kepler’s Third Law.

Halley hypothesis: These events were due to the reappearance of one object on an orbit which brought it close to the Sun once every 76 years. He then went on to predict that the comet would return again in 1758. The comet was sighted, on schedule, on Christmas Day 1758 and has since borne Halley’s name.

Albert Einstein (March 14 1879 – April 18 1955)

During the late 1800’s, the field of science desperately needed a new theory to revise the old Newtonian-based physics. The laws of Newtonian principles were beginning to show problems; for example, the precession of Mercury’s orbit could not be completely accounted for. Einstein revolutionized all aspects of science and modern thought through his theories of general and

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